You’re listening to the Global Newspodcast from the BBC World Service.Hello, I’m Oliver Conway.This edition is published in the earlyhours of Tuesday, the 3 October.The former US President Donald Trump appears incourt in New York, accused of making abillion dollars by lying about his assets.The UN approves an international security force forHaiti to try to end the gang violencewhich has ravaged the Caribbean nation.And we didn’t imagine that all this would happen.I’m only 34, but this is my fourth war.No one has offered us anything.We feel abandoned.The Armenian refugees still in shockand desperate for stability after fleeingthe disputed region of Nagorno Karabak.Also in the podcast, the World HealthOrganization recommends a new vaccine against malaria.And we’re still commercially harvesting the fish.But you’re also dangling a very bigcarrot in the form of a check.The competition targeting an invasive speciesoff the coast of Florida.The former US President Donald Trump has made angry appearancein court at the start of a trial which couldland him with a quarter of a billion dollar fineand a ban from doing business in New York.He is accused of generating more than a billiondollars by lying about the value of his assets.His lawyer told the court therewas no illegality and no victims.The case, which is being heard without a jury, wasbrought by the New York Attorney General, Letitia James.My message is simple.No matter how powerful you are, no matter how much moneyyou think you may have, no one is above the law.And it is my responsibility and myduty and my job to enforce it.Even before the case started, the judge has alreadyfound Donald Trump and two of his sons liablefor fraud, including by valuing his New York apartmentas if it were three times its actual size.The former president has claimed the case is asham to try to damage his chances of reelection.He also lashed out at the judgeand the New York Attorney General.We’re wasting our time on this trialwith the Democrat judge from the clubhouses.It’s a disgrace.They ought to look for the murderers andthe killers that are all over New York.And the violent crime that’s being committed inour city and our state is disgraceful.And we’re going to be here for months witha judge that already made up his mind.It’s ridiculous.Our correspondent in Washington, Gary O’Donoghue,has been following what’s been saidinside and outside court.You’re seeing a side of Donald Trump that you don’toften see, and that’s him actually being really rattled.Actually, what’s at stake here is Donald Trump’s money,his property, everything which creates and has reinforced hisidentity over the last 50 years or so.And I think that is coming through inhis reaction here, because bear in mind, notonly has the judge already ruled that theydid fabricate and overinflate values that’s already decided,in some ways, the central question, but alreadysome of the business licenses have been suspended.Some of the properties are being handled by receivers.He has no idea at the end of this processwhether he’s going to own anything in New York anymore.He’s often appeared bullish outside a court andthen a bit quieter and more respectful inside.What actually happened during the hearing.The lawyers went at it pretty hard.As we understand it, weweren’t actually inside the court.Donald Trump sat there through the morningsession, pretty much ignoring the sort ofpresentation that the Attorney General’s lawyers weregiving on screen, looking straight ahead.But you could see that from his reaction afterwards.He must have been seething inside.He may not give evidence in this.I think both sides will perhaps want himto take the stand, but we will see.And there’s a really curious strategy ongoinghere with him because his team optedfor what’s called a bench trial.That’s a judge rather than a jury, whichin some ways makes sense in New York.It’s a pretty democratic place.He may not get too many friends on ajury there, but then to go and lambast andattack the judge he’s called him deranged before.I think he knows by that he’s already introuble in this case and that in some waysthere’s nothing to lose but to try and wringas much kind of political capital out of itby attacking the judge and politicizing the process.And of course, off the back of that, he has,not surprisingly, as he’s done with every other legal casehe’s faced, sent out fundraising emails, because in a lotof cases, it’s the small dollar donors rather than thesuper rich Donald Trump who’s paying his legal bills.Our Washington correspondent, Gary O’Donoghue.Malaria kills hundreds of thousands of people everyyear, mostly children below the age of five.Now, the head of the World Health Organization,Tedros Serenom Gebra Jesus, has announced a newfront in the battle against the disease.Today it gives me great pleasure to announce that whois recommending a second vaccine called R 21 metrics Mto prevent malaria in children at risk of the disease?Well, the vaccine, which is around 75% effective,was created by scientists at Oxford University.It will be rolled out in Africafrom the middle of next year.Here’s our medical editor, Fergus Walsh.I was in Ghana, I think, in 2008 in trialsthere, and they just weren’t getting the vaccine to stopthe malaria parasite from expanding in the human body, butnow they seem to have done it.What’s different about this vaccineis largely the scale.The Oxford Jenner Institute, the same institute that gaveus the Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine, has got a dealwith the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world, theSerum Institute in India, to produce 100 million dosesa year because there’s no point in having aneffective vaccine if it’s not used.So we’re going to see this vaccine rolledout and turbocharging the immunization of young children.Two to $4 is the cost of the vaccine.I think the cost of the vaccine won’t be a problem.More than two dozen countries insub Saharan Africa want these vaccines.The healthcare workers need to administer not one dose,but four doses to protect children under five.And we could see within the next 1020 years adramatic reduction in deaths in Africa in young children.Fergus Walsh the trials for the vaccine tookplace in four African countries burkina Faso, Mali,Kenya and Tanzania, from where our senior Africacorrespondent Anne Soy sent this report.Tears and more tears the price these children in Bagamoyo,Tanzania, paid in order to save millions of lives.This is a malaria research center, and theyare here for the third dose of oneof the most promising vaccines yet.One of the mothers, Mozanisaif, has brought her 6thborn, a preschooler who follows her mum everywhere.At this center, I lost my nephew.We buried him.He was only four when he died from malaria.That’s why when I heard that there was amalaria vaccine trial, I said I wanted to participate.It will help many children, not just mine.She defied Naysayers in her villageand enrolled in the study.More than 600 children here took part in the research.There is a lot of excitement amongresearchers, says the principal investigator, Dr.Ali Olotu.I am proud and I am very hopeful for my community.If it is deployed to those who needit the most, then we are talking aboutsaving millions of cases of malaria.And this is really exciting results.Malaria remains one of the biggestkiller diseases, especially in Africa.One more vaccine only means an extraweapon in the fight against it.That report from Tanzania by Ansoi over thepast two years, the Caribbean nation of Haitihas been dogged by spiralling violence.The capital, Porto Prance, isnow largely controlled by gangs.A year after the country appealed for help, theUN Security Council has finally voted to send aninternational force to try to restore security.It will be led by Kenya.So how is this force likely tobe greeted by people in Haiti?Alex Ritzen has been speaking to the Haitianjournalist Widlow Marancourt, who is in the capital.The last international intervention in Haitiin 2004 was from the UN.And these force left Haiti with multiple problems.The first one is the cholera epidemicthat killed about 10,000 people, and closeto 800,000 people were infected.And this disease resurfaced in Haiti in October lastyear and has killed hundreds of Haitian citizens.The UN left, also in Haiti,a shreya of human rights abuses.Many women were sexually abused, but they alsoleft hundreds of kids without father in thecountry and with to take care of them.And right after the UN left Haiti.This force left Haiti in 2017.The Insecurity resurfaced the mission that wasthere to stabilize Haitian, did not bringthe solution and institutions of the country.

Are not solid enough.They are not reinforced.They are not capable of dealing withthe issues that Haitians are facing.And many people are saying, like, the solutionto the Haitian problem is a Haitian one.Gangs reportedly control between 30 and 60% of Haiti.Haitians are struggling to do thison their own, aren’t they? Absolutely.This is the second part of thepopulation, including folks in the business sector.We will tell you that about 80% ofthe Haitian capital, potter Prince, right now areunder the control of gang members.A couple of weeks ago, gangs attacked Kalfu Ferry,and thousands of people had to flee the violence.These gangs, they rape, they kill babies,they rape young women, and they burnpeople alive inside their own houses.So the Haitian national police is outmatched, and it’swidely believed a lot of these gangs have gotlinks to political parties or to politicians of note.Absolutely.That is why many people think that the problem ofHaiti is a structural problem, because these gangs, they haveaccess to asset rifles, and they are extremely rich, anda large swath of the political and economic class inHaiti is in bed with these gangs.The problem is more of a gang problem than astructural problem that needs to be addressed not just onthe streets by tackling the gangs, but also by attackingthe root causes of gang violence in Haiti.Willor Merancourt in Haiti, talking to Alex Ritzen.The Armenian authorities say nearly the entire 120,000ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno Karabak has nowleft the enclave, which came under full controlof Azerbaijan last week after a lightning offensive.Tens of thousands of refugees are intemporary accommodation, having fled to Armenia.But there are still many in needof a roof over their heads.The BBC’s Caucasus correspondent, Rehan Dmitri, visiteda shelter in the town of Gories,which has been housing refugees from Karabak.Just two weeks ago, these children werehiding in bomb shelters in Nagorna Karabach.Now they’re playing volleyball under a peaceful sky when,on September the 19th, azerbaijan launched a military offensiveto establish full control over its breakaway territory ofNagorna Karabak, 15 year old Masses Avanisian was stillat school in his hometown of Martuni.At around 02:00 p.m., we finished lessons at school.I was on my way home with a friend.We heard loud banging.At first, I thought it was a military exercise.Then the explosions started to happen.One after another, we ran to the nearby police stationto hide in the basement to save our lives.Masses, his parents, siblings, and his aunt Lucineare now huddled into one room inside atemporary shelter set up on the grounds ofa local nongovernmental organization in Goris.Lucine has four children of her own.We didn’t imagine that all this would happen.I’m only 34, but this is my fourth war.No one has offered us anything.We feel abandoned.She says everyone here is traumatized by theviolence and the sudden uprooting from their homes.They still cannot come to terms with what wasleft behind and the prospects of starting life.Anew anna Alexand is from the Women in Network Foundationin Goris, which set up this shelter at its premises.Here we have a handicraft workshop whichwe temporarily adapted as a shelter.Two people arriving to Gories and staying here forsome time to understand where they should go further.Darmenian authorities have provided temporary accommodationto 35,000 refugees out of the100,000 that made it here.Many chose to stay with their relatives.But all of these people will need a longterm solution with housing and jobs as they don’tsee any prospects of returning back to karabakhan Dmitrireporting from Goris in southern Armenia.Five years ago, jamal hashogji, the US basedjournalist and critic of saudi arabia’s government, walkedinto the saudi consulate in istanbul.He never came out.It transpired he’d been murdered by aSaudi hit squad dismembered and his remainsdisposed of, never to be found.The gruesome killing prompted intense global criticism ofthe Saudi authorities, including the country’s de factoleader, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.On Monday, Amnesty International said therewas still no justice for Mr.Hashogji’s family.Jason Resign is the global opinions columnist atthe Washington Post, where Jamal Hashogji worked.He was also the paper’s Tehran correspondent from2012 to 2016, where he was jailed forespionage and held by the Iranian authorities.For 544 days.He’s been talking to Rob Young.I was just getting to know Jamal when he was murdered.He and I wrote for the same global opinion section.There was only a couple of uswriting for the section at the time.So we had the opportunity to meet a fewtimes and we did an interview together where wetalked about the ways that we had been treatedby these two countries that we really loved.In my case, iran and his Saudi Arabia.I can’t say that we were close friends, butI do think that we were on the way.Geopolitically what was the impact it had hadon relations between the US and Saudi Arabia?It was an opportunity to use thisas a moment to recalibrate relationship.Trump administration chose not to do that.Biden administration again had the opportunity to holdMuhammad bin Salman accountable for this vile act.But ultimately they let him get away with it.For me personally, as I watched, I can rememberthinking to myself on the day that we heardthat Jamal had gone missing in Istanbul that wewere unlikely to ever hear his voice again.If you don’t hold accountable assassins andthat’s really what we’re talking about here.It greenlights, that sort of behavior for others.Muhammad bin Salman is a young man.The world could be stuck withhim for another half century.He has been incredibly brutal with his own populace.We hear a lot about reforms going onin the country, but ultimately at what price?Those people that are pushing for those reformsinvariably end up in prison or dead.The truth is adversaries.Whether it’s Iran, Russia, other countries see that ifwe let our friends get away with anything, theycan get away with things as well.Journalists are being arrested andimprisoned in record numbers.They’re also being kicked out of the countrieswhere they work and landing on Western shoresand unable to continue their work.So authoritarian states, they’re winning.There is not independent mediaoperating in these countries.The United States government was thesort of leader of press freedom.A letter from a Secretary of state or even amember of Congress to a foreign leader that was imprisoning.A journalist usually worked to get that person free.We’re no longer the leader in the space.The leaders in the space are theauthoritarians who are suppressing press freedom.And so I think we have to reallywork together to figure out how we bringthis basic value of democracy back into play.And I don’t see that in the offing anytime soon.Jason Rosayan talking to Rob Young.Still to come on the Global News podcast.Some told me that they didn’tdare sit down on the subway.Others that they think about itevery night on the way home.Paranoia and fear as France is hitby a bedbug infestation European Union.Foreign ministers have met in Ukraine intheir first ever gathering outside the EU.It was a sign of continued European support forKiev, even as new cracks appear in Western resolve.Over the weekend, u. S.Lawmakers left funding for Ukraine out.

Of a last minute budget bill while inEurope, a pro Russian candidate won the electionin Slovakia, adding to growing Ukraine skepticism seenin places like Hungary and Poland.But the EU’s foreign policy chief Joseph Burrell saidEurope was united in its backing for Kiev.This joint meeting of the European Union foreignministers should be understood as a clear commitmentof the European Union to Ukraine, and it’salso sending a strong signal to Russia weare not intimidated by your drones or missiles.Our resolve to support the fight of freedom andindependence of Ukraine is firm and will continue.The Kremlin said.The vote in the US.At the weekend highlighted growing Ukraine fatigue,though it expected American funding to continue.Our Ukraine correspondent James Waterhouse has moreon the EU meeting in Kiev.Above all, this summit was about presentinga united front and was fueled bythe growing political skepticism in the US.Over whether Ukraine should continuereceiving the backing it does.$6 billion of new military funding.Being left out of a short term budget isa first concrete consequence of that for Kiev.But this gathering saw material outcomes in supportof Ukraine, including a 12th package of sanctionson Russia and training for 40,000 Ukrainian personnel.Recent EU pledges totaling €50 billion arenot to be sniffed at either.Dimitrio Kuleba is Ukraine’s foreign minister.Putin’s biggest expectation is that the west and theworld will get tired of standing with Ukraine.We should not play along with that.Anyone who knows what it is like to gather27 EU foreign ministers in one place will understandthat today’s visit is not about symbolic support.It’s about refuting narratives regarding lack of unity.Everyone has shown the political will to be here today.It was hoped all 27 EUmember foreign ministers would turn up.Three didn’t, including Poland and Hungary’s.The Kremlin says it predictedthis fracturing in Western support.In the past, President Zelensky’s best remedy forpolitical fatigue was military progress, with a slowerthan desired counter offensive grinding on.He’s having to rely on his diplomatic skills more thanever since the full scale invasion of last year.James Waterhouse in Kiev, indigenous women from Greenlandwho say they were fitted with contraceptive deviceswithout their consent or knowledge, are seeking compensationfrom the Danish state, the former colonial power.The practice was allegedly carried out in the 1960sand is still the subject of an official investigation.This report from Danny Aberhard and a warningit contains some disturbing and graphic details.The program was designed to limit birthrates among Greenland’s indigenous Inuit population.At the time, denmark, the former colonialpower, still controlled Greenland’s health system.Girls as young as twelve were sometimes, withoutbeing informed, fitted with interuterine devices or coils.The doctors did not seek the consent of the girlsor their parents, and to make matters worse, many ofthe devices were too big for the girls bodies.One survivor.Naya Luba is the spokeswoman for thegroup of 67 women lodging the claim.She told the BBC that when her coil was fitted atthe age of 13 or 14, it was torture, causing herto blank out the experience due to the trauma.It hurts like knife inside me.And when he came up to my uterus,it was also a huge torto like pain.It felt like the coil was bigger than my uterus.Many girls experienced serious medical complications.Some girls couldn’t even sit down without pain.They went to the doctor, but they were sent back again.They did not allow to have the coil out.One girl, Miss Luber said, hadto receive blood transfusions every threeweeks before eventually losing her uterus.Many others, too, were so damaged they wereunable to have children in later life.It’s the same that you sterilizethe twelve years old girl.For all the women I know whowere twelve years, they can’t get pregnant.Miss Luba accused the Danish government of thetime of wanting to save money on welfareby controlling the size of Greenland’s population.An investigation into the scandal is underway.It won’t report till May 2025.This group of women don’t want to wait that long.Some are in their late 70s.They’re demanding $42,000 each in compensation.We can never be healed physically, butit will help as a compensation.And it will be like the government’s way toapologize to us so we can move on.If the Danish government doesn’t pay up,the women say they’ll go to court.Danny Eberhardt a wave of disgust hasspread across France as people post imagesof an apparent invasion of bugs.There are reports of the blood sucking insectsbeing found not just in beds, but ontrains, the Paris metro and even the cinema.Now it seems they’ve been detectedin France’s second largest city, Marseille.The French government has said it will act toreassure and protect the public from the reported surge.Anna Foster asked Clara Idelgoa journalist from La figoro.What’s behind this infestation?Experts have noted an upsurge in cases in recent yearsand there is a lot of causes, like migration.It has nothing to do with Egypt or dirtiness.So it’s almost that because people are noticingit more and posting to social media.That’s the crucial thing, isn’t it? Of course.From my article I interviewed several Parisiansand I can say that this situationhas created a kind of psychosis.Some told me that they didn’t dare sitdown on the subway, others that they thinkabout it every night on the way home.But the hardest thing to hear in the testimony ofthose who are fighting to get rid of these bedbugs.So it’s a problem.I’m not sure how I would even beginto deal with an infestation of bedbugs.Have the authorities got any plansabout how they can tackle it?When the videos were released, perry called on thegovernment to take actions against this invasive insect.The Minister of Transport announced last Fridaythat a meeting will be held withthe transport operators targeted by the accusationsthey are supposed to meet this week.I think the government is taking thishealth issue seriously, even more so withthe Olympics less than a year away.Yes, because of course, that’s going tobring so many tourists to Paris.Well, it’s supposed to.Do you think people will be put off by this?Paris is not the only tourist city inthe world to be affected by these insects.New York, for example, had to appoint a bedbug tar in2010 to deal with this problem, to return to the Parisin case the presence of bedbugs is not new.They have always been there, so in my opinion,it’s not something that’s going to put tourists off.Journalist Clara idalgo talking to Anna Foster.The authorities in Florida say a record30,000 lionfish have been removed from thestate’s waters thanks to a competition.Lionfish are native to the IndoPacific, but have spreadto the US East Coast, the Caribbean and theGulf of Mexico, where they decimate native fish populations.Hooks and traps are ineffective against them, whiletrawling with nets damages the coral reefs.The only way to get rid of thelionfish is by individual divers going spearfishing.As Nikki Cardwell reports, with a distinctthud, the diver spears a lionfish andstuffs it into a collection tube.They’re spectacular looking fish, striped with rows ofsail like fins that ripple in the water.But these fish are voracious eaters, have no predators,and lay thousands of eggs every few days.Scientists believe they’re a severethreat to native sea life.The Florida authorities believe the problem canonly be tackled with the public’s help.Emily Robicho is from the Florida Wildlife Commission.We have this entire state that is veryexcited and willing to jump at the opportunityto help us in these management efforts.We’re going to wake up probablyabout 330 in the morning.The first dive is allowed to begin at sunrise and boom.And it’s stick stuff, stick stuff, stick stuff.Rachel Bowman won this competition in 2021.She says the opportunity to make a bit of moneyselling her catch was a real incentive for a tournament.We’re going to go harder.In a lionfish tournament, you areallowed to sell your fish at.So we’re still commercially harvesting the fish, butyou’re also dangling a very big carrot inthe form of a check, so the incentiveis greater, thus the effort is greater.Under the rules of the competition, all the lionfishcaught must be sold to fishmongers or restaurants. Inn owns several seafood restaurants in Florida.The fish tastes wonderful.It’s a white, mild, flaky fish.It’s not too oily and you can do anything with it.From a culinary preparation stylestandpoint, it’s just the best.I mean, it flies off the shelves.Marine biologist Alex Fogg has been trackingthe lionfish invasion since the first onesemerged around 15 years ago.He says competitions like this are making a difference.What we see is the native species tendto rebound, but it doesn’t take long forlionfish to start to invade that reef again.So you actually have to keep the pressure on themto make sure that you keep that population suppressed toa point that the native species can recover.To pre invasion levels when filling a lionfish,the Florida Wildlife Commission posts instructional videos onits website about how to safely remove andprepare lionfish to encourage recreational divers to catchthem outside of competition.There are no venomous spines here.Those venomous spines are one of the reasons why the onlysafe way to catch lionfish is with a spear animal.Welfare groups like Peter are opposedto the use of spear fishing.They say that as humans were probably responsible forreleasing lionfish into Florida waters, we have a dutyto find a more humane solution to the problem.Marine biologist Alex Fogg doesn’t agree.You need to let the entrepreneurs, the diversgo out there, harvest lionfish and restaurants torecognize that this is a very tasty speciesthat can be plated and greater price canbe charged for that than native species.They’re going to keep the lionfish population in check.Alex fogg ending that report.By Nikki Cardwell.The Mahabharata is one of the greatepics of Hindu culture, dating back morethan two and a half thousand years.At its heart is a complex struggle forpower between two sides of a warring family.The story can take days to perform on stage.A new two part version with an all Asiancast has just arrived in London from Canada witha running time of just 6 hours.Vincent Dowd went to see it in rehearsal.So the princes are awed by hustinophore.We’re going from there.Okay, you can do the clock, we’ll do thein a rehearsal room deep under the 1970s concreteof London’s Barbican Art Center, actors and musicians arerecreating the magic of the ancient Mahabharata.This two part version in English with someSanskrit, was seen earlier this year in Canadaat the Shore Festival Theater in Ontario.My name is Ravi Jain.I’m the director and co writer of Mahabharata.My name is Miriam Fernandez.I am the co writer andI play the storyteller in Mahabharata.Mahabharata is an ancient Indian story and within it ismoral lessons about how to live in the world.And it contains all the spirituality andphilosophies of Hindu culture and religion.The original composer of the story was Vyasa andhe told it to the elephant headed god Ganesha.And Ganesha was the first one to scribe the story.For some, it is absolutely history,and for others it is myth.And it’s a world of gods and humans that interact.It’s pretty fantastical and amazing.But the characters are inthe everyday lives of everyone.You’ll be in a crowded, busy streetway in India,and on the corner is a temple to Ganesha.There are countless versions of the Mahabharata.So how has Ravi Jain ensured this version works?Both for people who know the story wellor who know almost nothing about it.If you know it really well, you seethe shortcuts we’re taking, you see the playfulnessof how we’re depicting characters, you recognize themand you have one experience.And for those who it’s totally new.You get to be introduced tothese people for the first time.And we’ve taken a lot of care tomanage the expectations of those different audiences.Among those rehearsing.Jay Emanuel.Born in India, but raised in Australia.I really believe that this production isa good meld of the Eastern andthe Western movement languages especially.My training, for example, is in physicaltheatre training from Paris, but I’ve alsotrained in Kathakalif, from Kalamandlam in Kerala.So quite a lot of different trainings and experiences.Yeah, the cast is completely from theSouth Asian diaspora, but an international cast.So folks who grew up in Malaysia, Australia, in India,in Canada, in the States, all over the UK, soeverybody has roots in the South Asian diaspora but haveexperienced kind of an intersection of cultures.We’re east and west all together on stage.The chance to watch the Mahabharataoutside South Asia is rare.This version’s at the Barbican Centre in Londonfor a week and it’s hoped other internationaltouring dates will be announced next year.That report by Vincent Dowd.And that’s all from us for now, but theGlobal News podcast will be back very soon.This edition was mixed by JohnnyHall and produced Emma Joseph.Our editor’s Karen Martin.I’m Oliver Conway. Until next time. Goodbye.