BBC News Podcast
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Hi, I’m Una Chaplin and I’m the host of a new podcast called Hollywood Exiles. It tells the story of how my grandfather, Charlie Chaplin and many others were caught up in a campaign to root out communism in Hollywood. Hollywood exiles from CBC Podcasts and the BBC World Service find it wherever you get your podcasts. This is the global news podcast from the BBC World Service. I’m Nick Koreshi, and at 14 gmt on Friday the 26 January, these are our main stories. The UN’s top court warns Israel it must take measures to prevent genocide in Gaza after a test case brought by South Africa, America’s first execution using suffocation by nitrogen gas. We speak to a journalist who watched the convicted murderer die. The people who were in the room tonight believe that it was a more violent execution than any of the lethal injections we’ve witnessed before. Also in this podcast, plastic pollution, scientists discover that hermit crabs are increasingly seeking shelter in our discarded waste. And ahead of the release of a new film about Bob Marley, we talked to the actor about what it’s like to play the reggae legend. You can’t mimic him, you can’t copy him. Reggae is a people music. That was really the challenge. People coming together. The UN’s top court has ordered Israel to take a string of emergency measures in Gaza, but stopped short of demanding a ceasefire. Under the measures, Israel has been told to do all in its power to prevent genocide there and immediately enable more urgently needed aid to enter the territory. The hearing at the International Court of Justice in the Hague is part of a case brought by South Africa accusing Israel of committing genocide against Palestinians. Israel vehemently denies the accusation. The court’s rulings are legally binding, but there is no facility to enforce them. The president of the International Court of Justice, Judge Joan Donoghue, read the ruling the state of Israel shall, in accordance with its obligations under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the crime of genocide in relation to the Palestinians in Gaza, take all measures within its power to prevent the commission of all acts within the scope of article two of the convention, in particular a killing members of the group B causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group C deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part and d imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group. Our correspondent Anna Holligan is in the Hague and spoke to us just after the ruling was delivered. I’m just going to step away from the steps of the court. You might also be able to detect in the background the sound of some of the palestinian supporters who have gathered outside the court gates. The provisional measures indicated by the judges here at the ICJ focus on the remits of the genocide convention. So Israel must take all measures to prevent any acts that could be considered genocidal, any killing of members of the group, bodily harm, inflicting conditions designed to bring about their destruction ensure military doesn’t commit any genocidal acts, prevent and punish any public comments that could be considered incitement to commit genocide in Gaza. Israel must also take measures to ensure humanitarian access, prevent the destruction of any evidence that could be used as part of the fundamental genocide case, and submit a report to the court within one month. The interesting thing about this to note is that it’s being interpreted widely as a victory for South Africa. And yet all the ICJ is doing is reminding Israel and ordering Israel to stick to its obligations under the Genocide Convention, something that Israel maintains it has done throughout this entire military campaign. I do have a reaction here from Human Rights Watch. They say the world court’s landmark decision puts Israel and its allies on notice that immediate actions needed to prevent genocide and further atrocities against Palestinians in Gaza. Lives hang in the balance, they say. Another one here, a statement from Action A’s. They welcome the court’s ruling affirming jurisdiction, indicating the provisional measures, including the provision of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian assistance. In terms of Israel’s reaction, we’ve already heard an indication that if the court were to order Israel to cease its military operations in Gaza, that order would be ignored. This court doesn’t have any enforcement powers, no police, no peacekeeping force, and therefore it would be down to states to ensure that order was followed. But the court hasn’t gone that far. The court has purely stuck to what’s required under the genocide convention. Israel has consistently said it is operating within international law. Well, since we recorded that interview, the israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, has said the charge of genocide against Israel is not only false, but outrageous, and the country will continue to defend its people. But South Africa has welcomed the measures and hailed what it called a decisive victory for the international rule of law and a milestone in the search for justice for the palestinian people. We’ll bring you further reaction to this ruling in our next edition of the global news podcast next to Alabama in the United States at 753 central time tonight, state of Alabama started carrying out the execution of Kenneth Eugene Smith by nitrogen epoxy. Smith was executed for the 1988 Capitol murder of Elizabeth Dorlene. Senate in Culvert county, the commissioner of Alabama’s Department of Corrections, John Hamm, giving details of the execution of a convicted murderer who’s become the first known person to be executed by suffocation with nitrogen gas. Kenneth Smith was put to death after the Supreme Court again denied a last minute appeal. The state has called its new protocol the most painless and humane method of execution known to man. United nations human rights experts and lawyers for Kenneth Smith had sought to prevent it, saying the method was risky, experimental, and could lead to a torturous death or nonfatal injury. Smith was convicted of the murder of Elizabeth Sennet in 1988. Her son, Mike. Senate spoke after the execution. Nothing happened here today is going to bring mom back. It’s kind of a bittersweet day. We’re not going to be jumping around hooping and hollering hooray and all that. The Bible says that evil deeds has consequences. Kenneth Smith made some bad decisions 35 years ago. Elizabeth Dorlene Thornton, Senate got her justice tonight. Lee Hedgepeth is a journalist from Alabama. He was one of the few media witnesses in the execution room when Kenneth Smith was killed. He describes what he saw. The execution starts at about 753. The nitrogen begins flowing into the gas mask, and Kenny, within a couple of minutes, begins to violently shake against the straps that are holding him to the gurney. That violent shaking lasts for about four or five minutes. I’ve witnessed five executions in Alabama, four of them being lethal injection and then this nitrogen execution. And this is the most violent execution I’ve ever seen. Sitting beside me was Deanna Smith, who is the wife of Kenny Smith. And once Kenny began to violently shake against those straps, she began to sob. There were also other media witnesses in the room, folks who have seen execution after execution. And I think there was a shock in the room at how violent the execution was. Doctors are not in the room during the execution. A doctor did pronounce Kenny dead after the execution concluded, but no doctor is visibly present in the execution chamber. Alabama Department of Corrections has not showed any signal that they are worried about what happened tonight. I think they view any death of an inmate as a success in terms of accomplishing their goal of executing someone. So in the past, we’ve had examples where executions were botched. And the commissioner of prisons has always said that they have gone as planned. There certainly is support for the death penalty in Alabama compared to other states. But nationwide, as I’m sure you know, more and more states have abolished the death penalty, and more and more governors have issued moratoriums here in Alabama, we had three botched executions in a row, and our governor Governor issued a moratorium on executions, and that’s what resulted in this first nitrogen hypoxia execution. One of the issues that states have had is getting access to the drugs necessary for lethal injection. A lot of the pharmaceutical companies are opposed to the use of their drugs when it comes to executions. If Alabama, the state of Alabama, considers this a success in terms of ending Kenny’s life, we will likely see other states who are having those difficult, same difficulties as Alabama accessing drugs move to methods like nitrogen hypoxia. They’re more easy for the state to accomplish. We’ve never seen an execution by nitrogen before. So I think as people begin to assess, is this a more or less humane method of execution? Folks are going to have to realise that the people who were in the room tonight believe that it was a more violent execution than any of the lethal injections we’ve witnessed before. So I think that’s a reckoning folks are going to have to have. Lee Hedgepeth. Japan has a problem with a falling population, and it’s taken various steps to try to tackle the problem of labour shortages. They’ve included investing in robots and artificial intelligence and hiring pensioners. But foreign workers are also playing an increasingly important role. A new report shows the number in the country has now passed 2 million for the first time. A correspondent in Tokyo, Shima Khalil, has been telling me more. The number of foreign workers has actually continued to increase, growing since 2013. So that’s an eleven year continued growth. But what we’re seeing is this big percentage jump, 12.4%. And I think the overall rate of growth, according to the labour ministry officials, shows a recovery from the pandemic. And where are people moving from? Predominantly, the top countries that we’re seeing from the report are vietnamese workers, and that’s followed by chinese and then philippine nationals. How bad are these shortages? I mean, they are bad because you see the shortages in many sectors. And I’ll give you a very basic example, and this actually hasn’t been mentioned in the report, but day to day life here in Tokyo, everyone in the zeitgeist, if you will, is talking about a shortage of taxi drivers. And the reason is that it takes a special licence, it takes a lot of training, you need to know where you’re going and you need to navigate Tokyo. And every other driver, for example, that I go to work with is an elderly driver, because there aren’t that many experienced drivers. But the report says that the two sectors that have seen the most growth are manufacturing and construction. And if you think about it, it makes sense, because these are sectors that need young people who are embarking on their career, but are also able to take on physical work. Another sector is healthcare, especially with an ageing population. Care for the elderly then becomes really crucial. And there are many things that make it difficult. And I can tell you this personally, the language barrier is a huge thing. If you’re a young family is very difficult when you’re starting out. Child care is quite expensive, but also the social hindrance. I mean, if you come here and you live and you work. Japan is a very homogeneous society and you do feel like an outsider there. And there hasn’t been any concrete steps, either by those in power or by the society itself, to change that, to be more accepting of others. How is Japan enticing people from overseas? Is it having to give large incentives? I don’t think that it is at the moment. There is still a struggle and there is still a disagreement, if you will, about whether or not this is something that Japan wants to open up, to open the job market. And most people that come in, come in because they want to live in Japan. There are reports and talk that the government is trying to revamp its trainee scheme, because that has actually taken the biggest tumble during the pandemic. But otherwise, I think it’s more about people wanting to come to Japan. But it’s one thing that keeps coming up time and time again, is that if Japan wants to get over the falling birth rate, the fact that it is an ageing population, it will have to open its doors to young people, to foreign workers to come in and to want to live here. And for that, the change doesn’t only need to be happening in the work sector or in the labour sector, if you will, it needs to be happening on a social level as well. Shima Khalil in Tokyo. Scientists in Poland say hermit crabs, which normally use discarded snail shells as their armour, are increasingly using plastic waste instead. The researchers at the University of Warsaw studied photographs of the crustaceans in image libraries, photo sharing sites and social media. One of the scientists involved, Marta Skulkin, spoke to James Copnall about the study. Hermit crabs are normally using natural snail shells to protect their abdomen. But in a recent study, we have found that essentially they are increasingly often using plastic elements or elements of glass and metal to protect their abdomen. So we demonstrated that using eye ecology, so the Internet ecology, by looking at pictures that people were posting online through various locations in the world. And does it work? Does it provide the sort of protection they need so it looks like this phenomena of using plastic shells instead of natural ones is quite a pervasive phenomena. It’s been demonstrated in ten out of 16 of all world species on all of the earth’s tropical coast. And we are discussing in the article the various mechanisms this shift might, how it might impact their biology. So, for example, we know that plastic shells are likely to be much lighter, so it might actually give them more energy to use these resources for other things, such as increased reproduction. But that’s a hypothesis and we need to test it in the field. So presumably, if you see loads more hermit crabs, well, this is not very scientific, but you’ll get a sense that they are reproducing more. We could really get that, could we? Big increase in hermit crabs simply because they’re using plastic waste? Well, I think what the study shows really is a fundamental shift in demonstrating that more and more animals use plastic in their life cycle, in their biology. We know that birds, for example, use plastic in their nests and it might interfere with the way they choose mates and with the way their reproductive output is changed. And similar thing might be happening from permit crabs. And it’s a suggestion that animals the world over might be increasingly using artificial resources, such as we do humans in their life cycle. And we need experiments in the field, in the lab to really demonstrate whether it’s a good or a bad thing for them. Martha Schulkin from the University of Warsaw. Still to come on the global news podcast. A century after it disappeared, a Gustav Klimt painting is found in Vienna. This is the story of a powerful nigerian televangelist. He was a huge celebrity and he had a way of presenting himself as man of God who attracted followers to his church from around the globe. It was like going to heaven and being asked to stay. But once there, some say that TB Joshua used his power to control, manipulate and abuse. This is world of secrets from the BBC World Service. Season two the disciples we all thought we were in heaven, but we were in hell. And in hell, terrible things happen. Search for world of secrets wherever you get your BBC podcasts. The security situation caused by gang violence in Haiti, one of the world’s poorest nations, prompted the country’s prime minister, Ariel Henry, to request international support from the United nations. Last year, Kenya offered to send police officers and its parliament approved the mission in November. But now a court has ruled the plan is unconstitutional and has blocked it. Our correspondent in Nairobi, Barbara Plet Usher, is following developments. The plan was for Kenya to lead a multinational force to Haiti, which would support the local security forces there to push back the armed gangs. And Kenya was planning to contribute 1000 police officers to it. But other countries had also pledged troops Burundi, Chad, Senegal, for example. So Kenya was going to be taking a leading role in this global issue, and it’s something that the United States in particular had been pushing for, although the Americans weren’t willing to lead the force themselves, as they were trying to find somebody to lead it. And Kenya stepped forward and then it was authorised by the UN in October. It is not a full fledged UN peacekeeping force, but there was a resolution to authorise it. Although the details of the deployment, the rules of engagement, how much Combat it would engage in. And the excess strategy, those are still being worked out. So what were the problems or the perceived problems? Well, what we’re seeing now is this internal political challenge to this decision. The main question raised by the opposition was why was it justified to send security forces thousands of miles away when Kenya had its own security problems and then also the question of who would fund it. Now, the government here insisted that it would be funded by UN member states, but it’s not clear if the money is completely there yet. So this court challenge was brought by a leader of the opposition last year, at which point the high court blocked the deployment and now came through finally with its ruling. And the ruling is that the president does not have the constitutional authority to deploy police abroad, only the armed forces, and that if it deploys officers, there needs to be a reciprocal arrangement in place with the host government. So, I mean, the bottom line is that the court is saying it’s not constitutional. So what do you think happens now? I think there could very well be an appeal. I mean, it’s not clear what will happen, but this decision would most likely be appealed, I should think. It does seem as if preparation for the mission had already begun. The BBC has been told that police have had two months of training in various ways to go to Haiti. There’s also still the question of funding, though the Biden administration has said it’s committed to finding the resources, but we can see that it’s having difficulty getting funding approval from Congress on other matters, like Ukraine. So I think the funding is still an open question as well. Barbara Pletasha Augustaf Klimt painting, which was considered lost or destroyed for nearly a century, has resurfaced in the austrian capital, Vienna. Portrait of Freudine Lisa has been privately owned by the family of the woman in the painting since the 1960s, but it’s not clear where it was kept before then. Klimt’s works are highly sought after in the international art market and usually fetch tens of millions of dollars. Our correspondent in Vienna, Bethany Bell, told us more about the portrait. It’s the painting of a dark haired woman wearing a blue floral cape against a red orange background. Very typical, art experts say, for Klimp’s later work. And it’s called portrait of Fraulein Liser. Now, the lisers were a big, wealthy jewish industrial family who lived in Vienna. Is there any evidence it was stolen by the Nazis ahead of the Second World War? Ernst Ployle, who’s the co managing director of the Kinsky auction house, says that so far they found no evidence to suggest it was stolen or looted either before or during the second World War. He says they have reached out to the heirs of the Lisa family as potential restitution claimants. Is it possible that the family had this painting and simply had no idea how much it was worth? If they knew it was a Gustav Klimt, they surely must have known how much it was worth. But we don’t know very much about the circumstances. And how much is the painting expected to fetch at auction? The auction house estimates it could be something between 30 to €50 million. Michel Kovacek is the managing director of the Kinsky auction house. Venman Fega Rantit. If you make comparisons with other paintings by Gustav Klimt that have been auctioned in the last ten to 20 years, with results of between 40 and €50 million, that even 60 or 70 million is conceivable. And the Lisa family have a very interesting backstory, don’t they? Yes. Lily Lisa was a patron of the arts. She was killed in the Holocaust. Her daughters escaped to Britain. I understand. And we know that certainly one of them decided that one of their daughters should be painted by Gustav Klimt. But this is an unfinished painting. It was in his atelier and then was given back to the family after he died in an unfinished condition. But it looks extremely beautiful. Bethany Bell speaking to Nigel Adele. The actor Kingsley Benedict has just appeared in the Barbie film as one of the kens, but he’s perhaps better known for playing iconic black leaders. In the last four years, he’s portrayed former us president Barack Obama in the Comey rule and civil rights activist Malcolm X in one night in Miami. Well, now he’s playing the jamaican reggae star Bob Marley in one Love, a film about a crucial period in the musician’s life and made with the support of the Marley family. Mark Savage has been speaking to Kingsley Benedict. You can’t mimic him, you can’t copy him. Reggae is a people music. That was really the challenge, people coming together. In his short film career so far, Kingsley Benedier has already portrayed Barack Obama and Malcolm X. But stepping into the shoes of Bob Marley was an entirely different challenge, not least because he had to master the star’s jamaican dialect. There’s a war going on. Oh, I can’t bring peace. I can’t even get peace for myself. I don’t think I’ve ever seen a film that’s on Patois before. I don’t want the audience to feel like they understand everything. I’m saying, because that’s not truthful. If you listen to Bob for 2 hours, you won’t understand. Unless you’re jamaican, you won’t understand everything he’s saying. But we need you to understand the emotion in the story. One love, one art, one destiny. Unusually for a biopic, that story covers just two years of Bob’s life. It’s 1976. The attempted assassination on Bob’s life kind of forced him into an exile in London where he created one of the greatest albums of all time, Exodus. You hear him talking about music and what it meant to him. I figure music is a universal language. We play music, we carry a certain message. And the message is for all people. This is a guy who loved what he did and who was obsessed with it. In January last year, Kingsley was in London’s Alexandra palace recreating one of Bob Marley’s most famous concerts in 1977 at the Rainbow Theatre in Finsbury park. Okay, let’s try school. Watching from the stalls was Bob’s son, Ziggy, who would have been just eight years old at the time. It was a time of change. As a kid, you could feel the energy in the ear. You see what you’re going on around your father, your mother would be assassins invaded Bob Marley’s home and attempted to take the life of the singer, his wife. Don’t worry about that. Don’t worry about that thing gonna be alright. What advice did you have for Kingsley? Kingsley does his homework and he’s done a great job to prepare for the role. Revolutionaries. Kingsley studied hours of archive footage. Myself as a revolutionary in the most unlikely of places. Watch me. You were preparing for this role while you were on set filming the Barbie movie? Yeah. I can’t think of two more separate movies in terms of. Some producer told me that we were starting in June and Barbie, we started in March. So, yeah, I was just doing a lot of groundwork, picking up a guitar and all of the interviews to listen through. So I set up a little station in Barbieland and scrambling to transcribe all of these interviews and then just trying to learn basic chords. A station in Barbie land, it was. It was just behind. Just behind the mojo dojo Casa. Or the mojo dojo. Whatever. You can’t choreograph him. It’s too spontaneous. I always think it’s like the music’s flowing through him like electricity. Yeah, he’s singing for his life every time he steps up. Won’t you have to sin? These songs of freedom is all I ever have. Actor Kingsley Benedict and the film one love is out on February the 14th, and that’s all from us for now. But there will be a new edition of the global news podcast later. First, though, here is Jackie with news for happy pod. In this week’s edition, pioneering work using ultrasound in the treatment of both Alzheimer’s and addictions. The 92 year old who has water skied her way to a world record. An astonishing feat of engineering. The ambitious project to dig the world’s longest tunnel beneath the Alps. In Europe, we hear from the US rapper princess superstar on the joys of featuring in a Hollywood blockbuster soundtrack. And in unrelated news, there’s a surprising amount of swearing. Don’t worry, it’s still a family show. All in the happy pod, available from Saturday the 27 January. Now, if you want to comment on this podcast or the topics covered in it, you can send us an email. The address is GlobalPodcast at BBC Co. UK. You can also find us on X, formerly known as Twitter, at Globalnewspod. This edition was mixed by Vladimir Bezuzechka and the producer was Vanessa Heaney. The editor, Karen Martin. I’m Nick Karishi. Until next time, goodbye.
